The impact of two pesticides on olfactory-mediated endocrine function in mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr

Abstract

Short-term exposure of the olfactory epithelium of mature male Atlantic salmon parr to either the pesticide simazine (concentrations 1.0 and 2.0 μg l−1) or the pesticide atrazine (concentration 1.0 μg l−1) significantly reduced the olfactory response to the female priming pheromone, prostaglandin F2α. In addition, the reproductive priming effect of the pheromone on the levels of expressible milt was also reduced after exposure to the individual pesticides (simazine 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg l−1 and atrazine 0.5 and 2.0 μg l−1). When the olfactory epithelium was exposed to a mixture of simazine and atrazine, (concentrations of 0.5:0.5 and 1.0:1.0 μg l−1), there was no significant reduction in the olfactory response when compared to the single pesticides at equivalent concentrations. In addition, exposure to a mixture of simazine and atrazine had no synergistic effect on the priming response, and plasma levels of testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were similar in the groups of male parr exposed to the individual pesticides. Although the levels of expressible milt were reduced in all groups, there were no significant differences between the different pesticide treatments. The results of the study suggest that the two s-triazine pesticides have an additive and not a synergistic impact on olfactory-mediated endocrine function in mature male salmon parr.