The impact of tillage systems and crop residues on microbial mass and soil structure stability indices

Afsaneh Alinejadian-Bidabadi,Mahtab Roshaniyan,Abbas Maleki

doi:10.5424/sjar/2021191-15794

Afsaneh Alinejadian-Bidabadi, Mahtab Roshaniyan + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021191-15794

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Abstract

Aim of study: This research investigated the effects of management practices, including plant residues and tillage practices, on soil stability indices, microbial biomass carbon, and the number of bacteria.Area of study: Northern Khorasan Province, Iran.Material and methods: This study explored the effects of the three year-old tillage systems of conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) at three levels 0, 40, and 70% of plant residues on soil physical and microbiological properties for a rotation of three years (wheat, canola, and wheat). Variables measured in this study included the whole soil stability index, the normalized stability index, the percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD), the number of bacteria, and microbial biomass carbon.Main results: Management practices could affect variables, such as soil structure stability as well as the number of bacteria. The results also showed that soils of higher stability were more resistant to soil degradation. In addition, by reducing tillage and adding plant residues, the PAD index decreased significantly. NT and MT practices improved soil structure stability indices and significantly increased the number of bacteria as well as microbial biomass carbon in contrast to CT, what could be attributed to the increased soil organic matter.Research highlights: Reduced tillage practices showed the potential for enhancing soil physical quality only through improving aggregate stability. Therefore, NT with 70% residue retention was found to be suitable to improve soil sustainability indices and increased soil microbial population.

Highlights

Soil aggregation withstands soil fertility by reducing erosion and improving soil aeration, as well water infiltration and retention
Aim of study: This research investigated the effects of management practices, including plant residues and tillage practices, on soil stability indices, microbial biomass carbon, and the number of bacteria
This study explored the effects of the three year-old tillage systems of conventional tillage (CT), NT, and minimum tillage (MT) with the plant residues of 0%, 40%, and 70% on soil structure stability indices, the number of bacteria and microbial biomass carbon for a rotation of three years wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), and wheat

Summary

Introduction

Soil aggregation withstands soil fertility by reducing erosion and improving soil aeration, as well water infiltration and retention. Soil aggregation prevents soil organic matter (SOM) from being mineralized by physically reducing the accessibility of organic compounds for microorganisms, extracellular enzymes, and oxygen (Spohn & Giani, 2010). The study of aggregates is one way to quantify whether management practices improve natural characteristics and agricultural capacity of soil. Soil aggregate and structure stability is the result of the interaction among many agents, such as the environment, management practices, crop, inherent soil features, and soil biological and non-biological processes (Bronick & Lal, 2005). The size of soil aggregate and stability are used to characterize soil structure because those indicators are correlated with various soil functions, including carbon sequestration and gas exchange through physical protection of SOM (Rabot et al, 2018).

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