The Impact of Spatial Layout Design on the Pedestrian Movement during Panic Situation: Pedestrian Survival Prediction

Abstract

Crowd management has become the global issue due to the fatal incidents happened that involve the high casualties of pedestrians. During panic situation, the survival rate of the pedestrians are depends on the several parameter values that are hard to discover due to the catastrophic case scenarios and almost impossible for the scene to be created due to the human ethical conduct. Hence, with the advance of computation technique and the improvement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) process automation, the panic situations are able to be visualized with the computer simulation. However, based on the previous simulation researches, there are a lot of features that had been found that are able to influence the pedestrian movement and caused the clogging region on the spatial layout. Hence, this research has been conducted to justify and analyze the findings of influential features by simulating the near-realistic pedestrian movement using Cellular Automata (CA) approach to re-enact the real behavioral actions of the pedestrians during panic situation. Based on the near-realistic simulation and the construction of the spatial layout design based on the features that promotes the clogging region experiments, the results had shown that the structural arrangement of a space is the proper solution to increase the pedestrian survival rate and decrease the clogging region. However, the existing structural also can enhance the safety quality of the space by rearranging the obstacles in the spatial layout. This research had introduced the granularity based approach and proves that the implementation of the fine-grain obstacles’ arrangement while accommodating the interior design standard may reduce the time (10 seconds, 0.1%) taken for evacuation process and increase the probability of movement directions for the pedestrians to ensure the balance usage of the egress points.