Abstract
Based on data from the Austrian Social Survey 2018, this article analyzes to what extent attitudes towards religious others are influenced by one’s relationship with religion. Five aspects of religiosity and attitudes to religion are taken into account: church-related religiosity (religious belief and practice), spirituality (engagement with alternative spiritual methods), religious fundamentalism, positive or negative perceptions of the role of religion in society, and religious denomination. The key findings are: engagement with spiritual methods and viewing religion as beneficial for society correlate with positive ratings of religious others. People with fundamentalist religious convictions are less open to religious others. Members of religious minorities in Austria (Protestants, Orthodox Christians and Muslims) have more positive attitudes to religious others than members of the dominant Catholic Church. How members of different world religions are rated depends on whether the religion in question is perceived as undogmatic and peaceful or as fundamentalist and intolerant in the public discourse.
Highlights
Throughout history, the coexistence of different religions within a geographical territory has often been conflictual
Ensuring free choice and exercise of religion requires legal guarantees and institutional regulations, it requires that people accept or at least tolerate the religious and ideological convictions of their fellow-citizens and the codes of behavior related to these convictions
My empirical analyses of the Austrian Social Survey 2018 show that spirituality is the strongest predictor of acceptance of religious diversity and positive attitudes towards interreligious relationships
Summary
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel untersucht anhand der Ergebnisse des sozialen Survey Österreich 2018, inwieweit Religiosität die Einstellung zu Angehörigen anderer Religionen beeinflusst. Einstellung zur Religion werden als relevant erachtet: kirchenbezogene Religiosität (religiöser Glaube und Praxis), Spiritualität (Beschäftigung mit alternativen spirituellen Praktiken), religiöser Fundamentalismus, Bewertung der Rolle der Religion in der Gesellschaft und religiöse Konfession. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind: Die Beschäftigung mit spirituellen Praktiken und eine positive Beurteilung der gesellschaftlichen Rolle der Religion gehen mit einer positiven Bewertung religiöser Diversität einher. Die fundamentalistische religiöse Positionen vertreten, sind weniger offen für Andersgläubige. Die Bewertung von Angehörigen anderer Weltreligionen hängt davon ab, inwieweit diese Religionen in der Öffentlichkeit als undogmatisch und tolerant oder als fundamentalistisch und intolerant wahrgenommen werden. Schlüsselwörter Einstellungen zu Religion · Religiöse Diversität · Interreligiöse Beziehungen · Österreich
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