Abstract
Given the potential negative effects of parental incarceration on millions of people, it is critical to examine the possible short- and long-term effects of parental incarceration on individuals. This study examines the effect of parental incarceration on the sports participation trajectories of children ranging from adolescence to young adulthood. Group-based trajectory models were set up using SAS analytics software to examine how parental incarceration affects the sports participation trajectories of children from adolescence to young adulthood. Data were drawn from the first four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in the United States (N = 6504). Neither paternal nor maternal incarceration had any significant effect on the trajectories of male participants. On the other hand, females who experienced father incarceration were more likely to be in the low-stable versus high-decreasing group (coefficient = −0.721, p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we conclude that programs promoting sports participation are needed for females who have experienced paternal incarceration. The results of this study also suggest that group-based trajectory modeling is a useful technique to examine the trajectories of sports participation from adolescence through to young adulthood.
Highlights
Participation in sports is “an investment that works” to promote regular physical activity [1].the physical health benefits of regular physical activity are almost identical to those of participating in sporting activities
Based on the research gaps identified from current literature, this study examines the effect of parental incarceration on the sports participation trajectories of children ranging from adolescence to young adulthood
Male participants were divided into three sports participation trajectory groups
Summary
The physical health benefits of regular physical activity are almost identical to those of participating in sporting activities. Participation in sports has been shown to promote psychosocial health by promoting social bonding, promoting cognitive function, and reducing emotional distress [6,7,8]. People who participated in sports from adolescence through young adulthood showed higher self-esteem and happiness and more improved psychological well-being than non-participants in [9]. Despite these physical and psychosocial health benefits of sport participation, about 30% of participants drop out from organized youth sport programs every year, and approximately
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