The impact of oral hygiene, the intensity and increase of caries on the condition of Equia Fil glass ionomer and Tetric EvoCeram composite proximal restorations in permanent teeth

Abstract

Introduction. Glass-ionomer cements and composite materials are widely used for direct restoration of carious lesions, also in young permanent teeth. However, knowledge on the effects of cariogenic factors on the quality of restorations performed using these materials, especially those covering proximal surfaces, which are more often exposed to bacterial plaque, is insufficient. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of oral hygiene and increased intensity of caries on proximal composite and glass ionomer restorations in young permanent teeth after 2 years of usage. Material and methods. Equia Fil glass-ionomer and Tetric EvoCeram composite restorations were performed in patients aged between 12 and 20 years with proximal carious lesions in premolars and molars. The clinical condition of restorations was assessed and indices such as OHI-S and D1-2DMFT (along with their increased values) were calculated at baseline, as well as during follow-up visits at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Correlations between clinical assessment of restorations and indices for oral hygiene and caries intensity, their increase and increased number of teeth with carious spots were evaluated. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw (No. KB/157/2013). Results. A total of 100 proximal restorations were performed in 49 patients. After 24 months, 98 restorations (50 Equia Fil and 48 Tetric EvoCeram) were evaluated. Mean baseline OHI-S and D1-2DMFT were 1.37 and 12.04, respectively, for Equia Fil restorations, and 1.27 and 10.38 for Tetric restorations, with the following values reported during follow-up: 1.80 and 15.4; 1.63 and 12.38. Statistically significant relationships were found between OHI-S and values describing the state of materials. These values increased with increasing OHI-S and D1-2DMFT. Conclusions. Both Tetric Evo Ceram and Equia Fil restorations are susceptible to cariogenic factors.