Erozja zębów – diagnostyka kliniczna

Abstract

Dental erosion is defined as a loss of mineralized teeth tissues and associated with chronic, local effects of chelating agents and acids of external and/or internal origin. A “softening” of the enamel surface occures under the influence of acids and as a consequence tissues change their physical and chemical properties. Erosion proceeds even more rapidly in dentin since it is a less mineralized tissue. In addition to that, a softened tooth surface is highly susceptible to mechanical stresses, such as during grinding or clenching of teeth. It is important to define the etiological factors of the disease as soon as possible and to implement preventive and therapeutic measures. Based on literature reviews using databases such as: PubMed, Ebsco Host, Proquest, Academia, Researchgate and applying key words: “dental erosion”, “tooth wear”, and “saliva”. Originally 75 papers were qualified for analysis. Afterwards the keywords: “dental erosion diagnosis”, “risk factors”, “erosion etiology” were added and finally 40 papers were extracted and used to present current views on dental erosion diagnosis. The diagnosis of erosion lesions is a major clinical challenge, especially in the early stages of the disease. The clinical diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and a detailed history of diet, hygienic behavior, the presence of systemic diseases and behavioral factors affecting the development of dental erosion. Erosion is nowadays an increasingly common condition that occurs in both children and adults. Irreversible loss of dental hard tissues can result in tooth sensitivity, dysfunction of the stomatognathic system and even tooth loss. Prevention and early diagnosis of erosive lesions seem to be a key part of dental care. It is important for the dentist to monitor the progression of changes using a scale of appropriate indicators, plaster models, scans and intraoral photographs.