Abstract
The issue of immigration has become central to the politics of nations across the world, impacting many aspects of life over the last decade. Researches investigating educational achievement through a cross-national lens have found that immigrant children tend to exhibit lower academic achievement than their native born peers, and that these differences are exacerbated by both family level variables (e.g., socioeconomic status) as well as the school climate. The goal of the current study was to build on earlier work in this area by investigating the nature and degree to which national attitudes towards immigration have changed over time, and whether any such changes were associated with academic achievement for immigrant and native born students. In particular, the relationship between changing attitudes towards immigration and the achievement gap between native and immigrant students. Results of the study demonstrated that nations with more negative attitudes towards refugees in general, and those for which these attitudes became more negative over time had greater achievement gaps than did those nations with more positive attitudes. In addition, these change trajectories moderated relationships between teacher attitudes towards multiculturalism and academic achievement.
Highlights
Immigration has become an increasingly key issue across many nations during the second decade of the 21st century
The fragile states index (FSI) (The Fund for Peace, 2020) measures the overall fragility of nations across the world using a variety of metrics, one of which assesses the status of immigrants
The results of the analyses presented above revealed the existence of four distinct trajectories in attitudes and treatment of refugees across nations participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) testing program
Summary
Immigration has become an increasingly key issue across many nations during the second decade of the 21st century. The movement of individuals from the Middle East and Africa has been associated with political backlash in Europe, the United States, Australia among other regions (The Economist, 2019) Such movements of people are not new to the last decade, as many nations have seen consistent immigration for many years, with some attendant issues associated with acculturation by both the new residents and those who were born within the host countries. In order to assess the impacts of immigration on both the nation to which individuals move and the nation that they left, a variety of tools have been developed One of these is a component in the fragile states index (FSI), which is developed and maintained by the Fund for Peace (FFP). The goals of the current study are outlined, followed by a description of the study methods, the results of the study, and a discussion of these results are presented
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