Abstract
The enhanced focus on Industry 4.0 has brought numerous challenges and questions regarding the meaning and impact of this concept. The literature on Industry 4.0 has rapidly expanded recently, indicating its significant influence on the economy as a whole. The study objective is to analyse the impact of Industry 4.0 on the economy and to evaluate the OECD countries in terms of selected indicators in the major fields of science and technology. Science and technology indicators serve as measures, analytical and comparison tools to assess a country's readiness to adopt Industry 4.0. The analysis indicates that the OECD countries vary in terms of R&D spending, with an observed growth in R&D spending by businesses across most OECD countries. Universities also play a crucial role in the implementation of Industry 4.0. On average, higher education facilities in the OECD countries allocated 0.42% of GDP to R&D in 2011, and this figure was slightly up to 0.43% in 2020. The results demonstrate an increase in the number of researchers in most OECD countries between 2011 and 2020. Patent statistics were also analysed to measure technology performance across countries, revealing that Japan and the USA have a significant advantage in patent development.
Published Version
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