The Impact of Hagwon (Private Tutoring Centers) on High School Students’ Academic Performance in South Korea

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of Hagwon (private tutoring centers) attendance on the academic performance, mental health, and social lives of high school students in South Korea. Hagwons have become an integral part of the South Korean education system, driven by the country’s highly competitive academic environment. The analysis reveals that Hagwon attendance significantly enhances students’ academic performance, particularly in standardized tests like the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT). However, it also highlights substantial negative impacts on students’ mental health, including increased stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout. Furthermore, the demanding schedules associated with Hagwon attendance adversely affect students’ social lives and participation in extracurricular activities. The study underscores the socio-economic disparities in access to Hagwons, with wealthier families more likely to afford these services. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to education that supports both academic excellence and students’ overall well-being.