The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity oOn the Functioning of the Digestive System and the Gut Microbiome and Their Impact on Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Background. The aim of this work was to discuss the impact of diet and physical activity on the composition of the gut microbiome and its metabolism on the metabolic syndrome. Obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century and the main cause of the metabolic syndrome, which worsens the quality of life. Diet and physical activity affect body weight, the functioning of the digestive system, but also the composition and metabolism of intestinal bacteria. Since the emergence of detailed studies on the gut microbiome, we know how its metabolism affects the human body.Material and methods. A review of available literature was performed by searching the official databases of PubMed and Google Scholar using the following key words: metabolic syndrome, gut microbiome, digestive syndrome, metabolic microbiome, physical activity, obesity, insulin resistance with reference to original papers, meta-analyses and reviews in Polish, Ukrainian and English published in scientific journals and articles.Results. Metabolic syndrome is a disease that is being diagnosed in an increasing number of people. It leads to serious cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and worsens the quality of life of people. Diet and physical activity affect the composition of the intestinal microflora, and the metabolic products of these bacteria affect the development or regression of metabolic syndrome.Conclusions. Further research to understand the impact of diet and physical activity on the gut microbiome and consequently its impact on metabolic syndrome may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders, prevention and new methods of their treatment.