The Impact of Diagnosed Chronic Sleep Disorders on Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract

BackgroundUp to 20% of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain dissatisfied with their outcome, leading to the identification of risk factors for poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic sleep disorders on patient-reported outcomes after primary TKA. MethodsA retrospective review of patients undergoing primary TKA was conducted using a prospectively collected database of patients from a single institution between 2018 and 2022. The cohort was split based on the presence of documented chronic sleep disorders, identified preoperatively from the electronic medical record using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. The sample was further restricted to include all patients who have sleep disorders (SD), as well as a 3:1 propensity-matched (on age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class) cohort of patients who had no documented sleep disorders (NSD) prior to surgery. The final sample included 172 patients (SD: 43; NSD: 129). Repeated measures linear mixed model analysis was used to analyze the progression of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scores through time between groups. ResultsThose who had SD had a lower preoperative mean total KOOS score (40.2) compared to the NSD group (44.1), however, this was not significantly different (P = 0.108). At one year postoperatively, those who had a SD had a significantly higher mean total KOOS score (87.2) when compared to the NSD group (80.4), P = 0.005. When comparing total KOOS scores by group, over each time period, the SD group showed a better progression when compared to the NSD group, P = 0.001. ConclusionCompared to patients who did not have documented chronic sleep disorders, patients who had a prior history of chronic sleep disorders reported significantly greater improvements in most KOOS domains in the 12-month period following TKA.