Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is characterized by impaired bone microstructure and reduced bone density resulting from high glucose levels. Curcumin (CURC) is extensively applied in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the effect of curcumin on bone metabolism in diabetic osteoporosis is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the optimal concentration of curcumin on enhancing osteogenesis in diabetic osteoporosis. Osteoblasts were treated with a high or low concentration of curcumin under a series of concentrations of high-glucose conditions. Type 2 diabetic mice were intervened with curcumin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenesis-related gene expressions were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Bone formation was evaluated by histological staining. The findings revealed that curcumin suppressed apoptosis and enhanced proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expressions of osteoblasts under high glucose concentrations (p < 0.05). The histological sections displayed reduced bone destruction and increased the growth rate of trabecular bone and the bone density of diabetic mice treated with curcumin, compared to diabetic mice. These results showed that curcumin could reverse the harmful effects of diabetic osteoporosis in a dose-dependent manner, and 10 μmol/L was regarded as the optimal concentration, which supports the potential use of curcumin for bone regeneration under high glucose concentrations.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by decreased insulin sensitivity or insulin deficiency [1], which has been regarded as a significant risk factor that threatens human health
The current results indicated that curcumin could induce differentiation of MC3T3 cells from pre-osteoblasts to osteoblasts in different concentrations of glucose in a dose-dependent manner
Curcumin treatment significantly enhanced the trabecular bone formation rate compared to diabetic mice (1.60 ± 0.11 um/d vs. 0.55 ± 0.05 um/d, p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference observed when compared to the non-diabetic group (1.18 ± 0.11 um/d) (Figure 4B). These results show that curcumin treatment could improve alveolar bone structure in diabetes, and this is in agreement with the results of osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells in response to curcumin treatment in vitro
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by decreased insulin sensitivity or insulin deficiency [1], which has been regarded as a significant risk factor that threatens human health. 451 million diabetic patients suffered from diabetic complications in 2017 [2]. The number is predicted to significantly increase to 590 million by 2035. Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) results in low bone mass, impaired bone microstructure, and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) [3,4]. Coatings 2020, 10, 258 bone fracture in diabetic patients than that of unaffected patients [5,6,7]. The delayed union of bone fracture after surgery in clinic severely affects patients’ physical function and even mental health
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