Abstract
Research suggests that job-related stress affects correctional officers’ attitudes toward their work environment, coworkers, and supervisors, as well as their physical and mental health; however, very few studies have examined the relationship between stress and attitudes toward inmates. This study examined the relationship between correctional officers’ levels of stress and their perceptions of inmates by surveying a sample of 501 correctional officers employed by a Southern prison system. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test the principal hypothesis of this study—that more negative perceptions of inmates would result in higher levels of stress for correctional officers. Independent variables were grouped into four groups (demographic variables, supervisory support, job characteristics, and attitudes toward inmates) and were entered into the model in blocks. Lower supervisory support and perceptions of the job being dangerous were associated with higher levels of job stress. More importantly, correctional officers who saw inmates as intimidated (not arrogant) and nonmanipulative reported lower levels of job stress, while officers who perceived inmates as being unfriendly, antisocial, and cold reported higher levels of stress.
Highlights
In the past three decades, American prisons have experienced an unprecedented increase in population
Institutional variables assessed by scholars have included shift, seniority, role conflict, job stress, perceptions of danger, and supervisory support (Dowden & Tellier, 2004; Griffin, 2006; Lambert, Hogan, & Barton, 2002; Whitehead & Lindquist, 1989)
As the job demands for correctional officers have increased with the overall growth of U.S prison populations, research studies have focused on how correctional officers have responded to changes in their job duties and expectations
Summary
In the past three decades, American prisons have experienced an unprecedented increase in population. During the inmate population increase, correctional officers have played an important role in creating and maintaining a safe and secure, humane prison environment, as well as playing a significant role in the lives of many inmates (Farkas, 1999; Griffin, 2001; Hepburn & Knepper, 1993; Lambert et al, 2009). As the job demands for correctional officers have increased with the overall growth of U.S prison populations, research studies have focused on how correctional officers have responded to changes in their job duties and expectations. They have concentrated on the relationship between stress and correctional work (Lambert & Paoline, 2005). The authors hypothesized that officers’ perceptions of inmates would cause an increase in correctional officer job stress
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