THE IMPACT OF CLAN LEADERS ON SOMALILAND STATE SECURITY

Abstract

Somaliland, a self-declared independent state in the Horn of Africa, operates within a complex socio-political landscape deeply rooted in clan-based structures. Clan affiliations are central to the region's political, social, and economic fabric. Clan leaders, influential figures within their respective clans, wield significant authority and play crucial roles in maintaining security, resolving conflicts, and providing essential governance functions. This study delves into the multifaceted dynamics of clan leaders in Somaliland's security context. It's noteworthy that the analysis is more in alignment with the "Fragile States Theory" than the "Constructivism Theory." The Fragile States Theory aptly describes the vulnerabilities and challenges faced by regions like Somaliland, characterized by weak governance, limited institutional capacity, and the absence of a strong central government. In this context, clan leaders emerge as key actors in maintaining order, bridging governance gaps, and addressing security issues due to the state's fragility. They navigate intricate clan networks and act as mediators and decision-makers, contributing significantly to societal stability. In contrast, while Constructivism Theory focuses on the role of ideational factors, norms, and identity in state behavior, it's not as directly applicable in explaining the specific role of clan leaders in Somaliland's security dynamics. The analysis concludes that the Fragile States Theory offers a more fitting framework for comprehending the dynamics in Somaliland and the vital role clan leaders play in security and governance, particularly within the context of a fragile state with limited formal government capacity