Abstract
A growing number of evidences report that aging represents the major risk factor for the development of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases. Understanding Aging from a genetic, biochemical and physiological point of view could be helpful to design a better medical approach and to elaborate the best therapeutic strategy to adopt, without neglecting all the risk factors associated with advanced age. Of course, the better way should always be understanding risk-to-benefit ratio, maintenance of independence and reduction of symptoms. Although improvements in treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population have increased the survival rate, several studies are needed to understand the best management option to improve therapeutic outcomes. The aim of this review is to give a 360° panorama on what goes on in the fragile ecosystem of elderly, why it happens and what we can do, right now, with the tools at our disposal to slow down aging, until new discoveries on aging, cardio and cerebrovascular diseases are at hand.
Highlights
Over the last century there has been a gradual increase in average life expectancy; in parallel, there has been a rapid increase in diseases associated with aging such as degenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Are necessary many studies aimed at characterizing the molecular effects of the longevity associated variant (LAV) of Bactericidal/Permeabilityincreasing Family B member 4 (BPIFB4), the data collected, allow us to speculate on the possible therapeutic use of LAV-BPIFB4 in the presence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity (eNOS) dysfunctions that occur during the natural aging process
There is a large amount of evidence indicating that aging is the true new disease of the 21st century that plays a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders
Summary
Over the last century there has been a gradual increase in average life expectancy; in parallel, there has been a rapid increase in diseases associated with aging such as degenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The influence of age on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is due to an increase in risk factors in the elderly and by the independent and inevitable effect of aging itself. Knowledge of the mechanisms which rule aging in the cardiac and cerebrovascular systems is essential to lay the foundation to change our perspective on the concept of aging no longer as a risk factor that cannot be modified but rather as a modifiable risk factor. As a consequence of this perspective a new horizon on how to prevent and how to postpone aging of cardiac and cerebrovascular system con be established, all in order to reduce mobility, disability and health care costs. This research is driven by the idea that the goal is to “add years to life but especially to give life to years” and this can only be undertaken by reducing both the physical and cognitive disabilities
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