The Impact of acne on the mental health of women and young adults, a case-control multicenter study of 300 patients in Lomé, Togo, West Africa

Abstract

Background: This study explores the relationship between acne and anxiety, both common health issues among young adults. Acne, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, can significantly impact an individual's self-esteem and quality of life. Anxiety, characterized by feelings of imminent danger and distress, often exacerbates this impact. While the association between acne and anxiety has been well-studied in developed countries, research in Africa, particularly in Togo, is limited. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted over eight months, from July 2017 to February 2018, in three public dermatology clinics in Lomé, Togo. The study included 300 acne patients, matched with 600 controls based on age (±5 years) and gender. Data were collected through structured interviews, clinical examinations, and validated questionnaires like the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety assessment. Results: Out of 4,126 dermatology patients, 300 (7.3%) consulted for acne, with young adults representing the majority. The study found a significant correlation between acne and anxiety, with a higher prevalence of anxiety among acne patients compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings highlight the psychological burden and mental health impact of acne in young adults in general and of women, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to acne treatment that includes mental health support integrated in dermatologic treatment. Further research is recommended to explore this relationship in different African cultural contexts.