The Immunohistocehmical Expression of Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (β-HCG) in Different Grades of Human Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm

Abstract

Background: Urothelial carcinomais the most common urological malignancy and following prostate and lung cancer, it is the third most common carcinoma in male population. Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the expression of beta hCG in different grades of human urothelial carcinoma in our population. Methods: The study was conducted in Pathology Department of Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, between 2018-2020.Sections were taken on frosted slides for H& E, and on lysine coated slides for IHC.H& E and IHC were performed according to protocols. Results:  Out of the 65 tumor studied, 35(54%) were graded as low and 30(46%) were graded as high. In 35 low grade tumors 4(11%) were muscle invasive and 31(89%) were non-invasive and in 30 high grade tumors, 24(80%) were found to be muscle invasive and only 6(20) were non muscle invasive. Out of 65 specimens, 52 (80%) cases were found to be positive for beta hCG while only 13(20% ) were found to be negative of  35 low grade tumors,  27(77%) tumors were stained positive for beta hCG and 8(23%) were negative. Of 30 high grade tumors 25(83%) tumors were stained positive for beta hCG and 5 (17%) were negative. Chi-square test was applied showed that there was no significant association between tumor grade and beta hCG expression. Conclusion: The immunohistochemical expression of beta hCG is positive in majority of low and high grade urothelial carcinoma but it may not be utilized as a marker for prognostic determination.