Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the differentiation of high and low grade urothelial carcinoma.Materials and Methods192 with 192 bladder lesions, including 110 high grade urothelial carcinoma and 82 low grade urothelial carcinoma were examined by CEUS. Among 192 tumors, enhancement patterns of 96 tumors between August 2010 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Then from January 2013 to April 2015, compared with CEUS was performed on 96 tumors for prospective differential diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were assessed.ResultsWith the CEUS view, dominant enhancement patterns were revealed as fast wash-in and slow wash-out for high grade urothelial carcinoma, fast wash-in and fast wash-out for low grade urothelial carcinoma, respectively. At CEUS, the prospective differentiation of bladder tumors showed sensitivity 86% , specificity 90%, accuracy 88%, positive predictive value 92%, and negative predictive value 82% for high grade tumors, while sensitivity 85% , specificity 89%, accuracy 88%, positive predictive value 85% and negative predictive value 89% for low grade tumors, respectively.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the great potential of CEUS in the differentiation of high and low grade urothelial carcinoma. Since CEUS is an effective, inexpensive, and non-invasive method. It could be a reliable tool in the evaluation of patients with bladder tumors.
Highlights
Bladder tumors are the most common malignancies of the urinary system, with age-standardized rates (ASR) of 23.6 in men and 5.4 in women in western countries [1]
With the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) view, dominant enhancement patterns were revealed as fast wash-in and slow wash-out for high grade urothelial carcinoma, fast washin and fast wash-out for low grade urothelial carcinoma, respectively
At CEUS, the prospective differentiation of bladder tumors showed sensitivity 86%, specificity 90%, accuracy 88%, positive predictive value 92%, and negative predictive value 82% for high grade tumors, while sensitivity 85%, specificity 89%, accuracy 88%, positive predictive value 85% and negative predictive value 89% for low grade tumors, respectively
Summary
Bladder tumors are the most common malignancies of the urinary system, with age-standardized rates (ASR) of 23.6 in men and 5.4 in women in western countries [1]. Bladder tumors may be epithelial or mesenchymal, and over 95% are of the epithelial type [2]. Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are usually treated with endoscopic resection and surveillance, whereas patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often undergo radical extirpative surgery. 20% of high-grade tumors will progress to MIBC during treatment or follow-up. Accurate preoperative staging and grading is important for optimizing treatment strategies for these tumors [3,4,5]. Cystoscopy is currently the most sensitive method for detecting bladder tumors, and transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURB) remains a reliable method for establishing tumor stage and grade. CT, MRI, and conventional ultrasound (US) have been used to assess bladder tumors, but these methods are primarily www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
