Abstract
In this paper we report the synthesis, solubility and growth of large YVO 4 and Nd:YVO 4 transparent single crystals in aqueous NaOH under hydrothermal conditions. YVO 4 crystals formed from hydrothermal spontaneous nucleation by (1) reaction of Y 2O 3 and V 2O 5, (2) reaction of Y 2O 3 and Na 3VO 4 or (3) recrystallization of Czochralski-grown YVO 4. Crystals synthesized by these hydrothermal methods were of good quality, exhibiting no signs of vanadium reduction. YVO 4 was found to have a positive solubility coefficient from 375 to 500 °C in 2–6 M NaOH, as well as a positive dependence on mineralizer concentration. Single crystals of YVO 4 and Nd:YVO 4 were grown on YVO 4 seeds using 2 M NaOH as a mineralizer and exhibited the expected tetragonal morphology. Growth rates between 0.097 and 0.13 mm/day were observed. Nd:YVO 4 growth using temperatures of 450 °C in the dissolution zone and 410 °C in the growth zone produced a crystal 15×15×7 mm 3 in size after a 4-week growth period.
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