Abstract
It is theorized that schizophrenia arose in evolutionarily modern humans because analogues of psychotic symptoms are not readily observed in non-human species. Given that Neanderthals, our closest evolutionary relatives, interbred with modern humans prior to disappearing from the fossil record, we explored this theory by testing whether the amount of Neanderthal introgression predicted schizophrenia diagnosis, psychotic symptoms and response to treatment. Additionally, we examined whether Neanderthal-derived genetic variation related to dopamine function, an important mechanism for psychosis and its treatment.
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