Abstract
The hominin fossil record of Romania comprises some of the earliest and best preserved early modern humans in Europe. As such, these fossils play an important role in our understanding of the timing of the modern human arrival in Europe, their local evolution, and their potential interactions with Neanderthal populations. In this chapter, we briefly review the Romanian human fossil record and present new 3D geometric morphometric analyses of the mandibular remains from Oase and Muierii. Our findings are discussed in the context of admixture between Neanderthals and modern humans and in light of paleogenetic results (Fu et al. 2015) indicating recent Neanderthal ancestry for Oase 1.
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