The Healthy Eating Index and oral health among adults: a cross-sectional study from an Iranian RaNCD cohort data

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status measured by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), in Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, data from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases cohort study were analyzed. DMFT index was employed as a measurement of oral health. The HEI-2015 score was calculated based on data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into quartiles. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between HEI-2015 and DMFT. From total of 7549 participants with the mean age of 45.65 ± 7.70, 3741 of them were female (49.56%). The mean of DMFT in the highest quartile of HEI-2015 was lower than the lowest quartile (12.64 ± 7.04 vs. 14.29 ± 7.54, P < 0.001). The mean of DMFT in subject who had higher socioeconomic status (SES (was significantly lower than those with low SES (P < 0.001). The mean of DMFT in the lowest quartile of HEI-2015 was significantly lower than in the highest quartile, after adjusting for confounding variables (ß = − 0.11, 95% CI − 0.54, − 0.30). The increasing dairy intake (β = − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.13, − 0.03) was associated with decreasing DMFT score and increasing refined grains (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.02, 0.35) and sodium (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12) intake was significantly associated with increasing DMFT score. A healthy diet was associated with a decrease in DMFT score in the studied population. Following a healthy diet is recommended for oral health.