Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract with multifactorial etiology. Both dietary factors and the microbe Campylobacter concisus have been found to be associated with the condition. The current study examined the effects of sodium fumarate, a neutralized product of the food additives fumaric acid and monosodium fumarate when in the intestinal environment, on the growth of C. concisus to determine the effects of these food additives on IBD-associated bacterial species. Through culture methods and quantification, it was found that neutralized fumaric acid, neutralized monosodium fumarate, and sodium fumarate increased the growth of C. concisus, with the greatest increase in growth at a concentration of 0.4%. Further examination of 50 C. concisus strains on media with added sodium fumarate showed that greatest growth was also achieved at a concentration of 0.4%. At a concentration of 2% sodium fumarate, all strains examined displayed less growth in comparison with those cultured on media without sodium fumarate. Using mass spectrometry, multiple C. concisus proteins showed significant differential expression when cultured on media with and without 0.4% sodium fumarate. The findings presented suggest that patients with IBD should consider avoiding excessive consumption of foods with fumaric acid or its sodium salts, and that the addition of 0.4% sodium fumarate alone to media may assist in the isolation of C. concisus from clinical samples.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to the inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (Cosnes et al, 2011)
C. concisus strains are comprised of two genomospecies (Aabenhus et al, 2005; Engberg et al, 2005; Kalischuk and Inglis, 2011; Miller et al, 2012; On et al, 2013; Mahendran et al, 2015; Chung et al, 2016; Nielsen et al, 2016) and recently we have found that C. concisus genomospecies 2 strains were better adapted to the gastrointestinal environment (Wang et al, 2017)
We found that sodium fumarate supplementation into culture media alone affected the growth of C. concisus and some other enteric bacterial species
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to the inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (Cosnes et al, 2011). There was a significantly higher prevalence of C. concisus detected in intestinal biopsies of patients with IBD as opposed to healthy controls (Zhang et al, 2010; Mahendran et al, 2011; Mukhopadhya et al, 2011; Kirk et al, 2016). Studies have shown that some oral C. concisus strains possess the ability to damage the intestinal epithelial barrier, suggesting that translocation of these strains to the lower gastrointestinal tract may increase the risk of the individual developing IBD (Nielsen et al, 2011; Ismail et al, 2012; Zhang, 2015; Mahendran et al, 2016). C. concisus strains are comprised of two genomospecies (Aabenhus et al, 2005; Engberg et al, 2005; Kalischuk and Inglis, 2011; Miller et al, 2012; On et al, 2013; Mahendran et al, 2015; Chung et al, 2016; Nielsen et al, 2016) and recently we have found that C. concisus genomospecies 2 strains were better adapted to the gastrointestinal environment (Wang et al, 2017)
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