Abstract

Abstract This chapter seeks to explore the phenomenon of the ‘grey zone’, including the related but distinct concepts of political warfare and hybrid conflict. Particular attention is paid to how these concepts relate to each other, even overlap, and yet describe discrete phenomena in the field of international relations. The chapter begins with an attempt to identify the grey zone and then explore Russian and Chinese activities in this realm. It then continues by seeking to define hybrid threats and distinguishing between the two concepts. Next, the concept of political warfare is explored as a possible replacement for the grey zone, though it is ultimately shown that the two terms are distinct and ‘political warfare’ as a term is problematic. Finally, in the conclusion, the author argues for greater clarity in the use of the terms while still arguing for the grey zone as a useful concept.

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