Abstract
Abstract. Recent developments and options in the GF (Grell and Freitas, 2014; Freitas et al., 2018) convection parameterization are presented. The parameterization has been expanded to a trimodal spectral size to simulate three convection modes: shallow, congestus, and deep. In contrast to usual entrainment and detrainment assumptions, we assume that beta functions (BFs), commonly applied to represent probability density functions (PDFs), can be used to characterize the vertical mass flux profiles for the three modes and use the BFs to derive entrainment and detrainment rates. We also added a new closure for nonequilibrium convection that improved the simulation of the diurnal cycle of convection, with a better representation of the transition from shallow to deep convection regimes over land. The transport of chemical constituents (including wet deposition) can be treated inside the GF scheme. The tracer transport is handled in flux form and is mass-conserving. Finally, the cloud microphysics have been extended to include the ice phase to simulate the conversion from liquid water to ice in updrafts with resulting additional heat release and the melting from snow to rain.
Highlights
Convection parameterizations (CPs) are components of atmospheric models that aim to represent the statistical effects of a subgrid-scale ensemble of convective clouds
While the impact for the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling system was a substantial improvement, this may depend on other physical parameterizations and how tendencies are applied in a global circulation model (GCM)
Santos e Silva et al (2009, 2012) discussed the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Amazon Basin in detail using the TRMM rainfall product (Huffman et al, 2007), observational data from an S-band polarimetric radar (S-POL), and rain gauges obtained in a field experiment during the wet season of 1999
Summary
Convection parameterizations (CPs) are components of atmospheric models that aim to represent the statistical effects of a subgrid-scale ensemble of convective clouds They are necessary in models in which the spatial resolution is not sufficient to resolve the convective circulations. The use of GF in other modeling systems and for other applications required further modifications to represent physical processes such as momentum transport, cumulus congestus clouds, modifications of cloud water detrainment, and better representation of the diurnal cycle of convection. These new features are described in this paper.
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