Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common genitourinary cancer. In 2018, 550,000 people in the world were diagnosed with BC, and the number of new cases continues to rise. BC is also characterized by high recurrence risk, despite therapies. Although in the last few years, the range of BC therapy has considerably widened, it is associated with severe side effects and the development of drug resistance, which is hampering treatment success. Thus, patients are increasingly choosing products of natural origin as an alternative or complementary therapeutic options. Therefore, in this article, we aim to elucidate, using the available literature, the role of natural substances such as curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, quercetin, 6-gingerol, delphinidin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and gossypol in the BC treatment. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies point to their role in the modulation of the signaling pathways, such as cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and cell death.
Highlights
In 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who previously received platinum-containing chemotherapy and either a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or PD-L1 inhibitor. This approval was based on the final data from cohort 1 of the phase 2 TROPHY-U-01 trial, which showed that sacituzumab govitecan induced an overall response rate (ORR) of 27% in heavily pretreated patients with mUC following the failure of both platinum-based chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibition
Liu and colleagues (2011) found that curcumin treatment led to an increase of p53 level while downregulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) [17]
Considering the many anticancer properties at the molecular level of natural compounds, such as curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, quercetin, 6-gingerol, delphinidin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and gossypol and their lack of toxicity, these compounds can serve as additional therapeutic options for Bladder cancer (BC) patients
Summary
Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary system. In 2018, BC was diagnosed in 550,000 people worldwide, while nearly 200,000 BC patients died. The second-line treatment for metastatic disease is immunotherapy as checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab If this is not possible, atezolizumab, nivolumab (European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug. In 2021, the FDA granted accelerated approval to sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) who previously received platinum-containing chemotherapy and either a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor. This approval was based on the final data from cohort 1 of the phase 2 TROPHY-U-01 trial, which showed that sacituzumab govitecan induced an overall response rate (ORR) of 27% in heavily pretreated patients with mUC following the failure of both platinum-based chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibition. We aim to elucidate, using the available literature, the role of natural compounds, including curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, quercetin, 6-gingerol, delphinidin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and gossypol, in BC treatment
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