Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary system in the world. Moreover, despite using anticancer therapies, BC is also characterized by a high recurrence risk. Among numerous risk factors, cigarette smoking, occupational exposure to certain aromatic compounds, and genetic factors contribute most strongly to BC development. However, the epidemiological data to date suggests that diet quality may influence some carcinogenic factors of BC and, therefore, might have a preventative effect. Adequate consumption of selected fruits with scientifically proven properties, including pomegranates and cranberries, can significantly reduce the risk of developing BC, even in those at risk. Therefore, in this article, we aim to elucidate, using available literature, the role of fruits, including pomegranates, cranberries, citrus fruits, cactus pears, and apples, in BC prevention and treatment. Previous data indicate the role of compounds in the above-mentioned fruits in the modulation of the signaling pathways, including cell proliferation, cell growth, cell survival, and cell death.
Highlights
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary system in the world
The concentration of metabolically active compounds is higher in urine than other body fluids and tissues, thereby including cancer-preventive components, which may provide desirable anticancer health. Anticancer food ingredients such as phenols, flavonoids, ellagitannins, tannins, and proanthocyanidin are contained in the highest concentration in apples, pomegranates, citrus fruits, cranberry, and cactus pears
The analysis showed an inhibitory effect of pomegranate juice on CYP2CP in liver cells and an increased bioavailability of tolbutamide
Summary
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary system in the world. On the list of the most common types of cancer, BC ranks in fourth place among men, while in the female population, BC is in eighth place [1]. The concentration of metabolically active compounds is higher in urine than other body fluids and tissues, thereby including cancer-preventive components, which may provide desirable anticancer health Anticancer food ingredients such as phenols, flavonoids, ellagitannins, tannins, and proanthocyanidin are contained in the highest concentration in apples, pomegranates, citrus fruits, cranberry, and cactus pears. It has been reported that the K content is high in young leaves, while Ca and Fe levels are the highest in old ones Thanks to this richness of various compounds, the pomegranate exhibits pro-health action, including anticancer properties by inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and activation of apoptosis [30,31]. These enzymes oxidize various compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics (e.g., drugs), and play an important role in the clearance of toxicity compounds [36,39,40]
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