Abstract
SummaryChitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, is a well‐known pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that triggers defense responses in several mammal and plant species. Here, we show that two chitooligosaccharides, chitin and chitosan, act as PAMPs in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) as they elicit immune signalling events, defense gene expression and resistance against fungal diseases. To identify their cognate receptors, the grapevine family of LysM receptor kinases (LysM‐RKs) was annotated and their gene expression profiles were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguished three V. vinifera LysM‐RKs (VvLYKs) located in the same clade as the Arabidopsis CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (AtCERK1), which mediates chitin‐induced immune responses. The Arabidopsis mutant Atcerk1, impaired in chitin perception, was transformed with these three putative orthologous genes encoding VvLYK1‐1, ‐2, or ‐3 to determine if they would complement the loss of AtCERK1 function. Our results provide evidence that VvLYK1‐1 and VvLYK1‐2, but not VvLYK1‐3, functionally complement the Atcerk1 mutant by restoring chitooligosaccharide‐induced MAPK activation and immune gene expression. Moreover, expression of VvLYK1‐1 in Atcerk1 restored penetration resistance to the non‐adapted grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). On the whole, our results indicate that the grapevine VvLYK1‐1 and VvLYK1‐2 participate in chitin‐ and chitosan‐triggered immunity and that VvLYK1‐1 plays an important role in basal resistance against E. necator.
Highlights
Plants are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes or viruses
Plants have developed effective immune systems triggering various defense reactions against invading pathogens upon the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs; Dodds and Rathjen, 2010). The recognition of these conserved microbial signatures is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect plant endogenous molecules released by hydrolytic enzymes during interaction with the pathogen, and called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; Boller and Felix, 2009; Boutrot and Zipfel, 2017)
We report on the functional characterization of members of the V. vinifera lysine motif (LysM)-RKs (VvLYKs) gene family, with particular focus on three orthologs of Arabidopsis CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (AtCERK1)/LYK1 and OsCERK1, designated VvLYK1-1, VvLYK1-2 and VvLYK1-3
Summary
Plants are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes or viruses. Plants have developed effective immune systems triggering various defense reactions against invading pathogens upon the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs; Dodds and Rathjen, 2010). The recognition of these conserved microbial signatures is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which detect plant endogenous molecules released by hydrolytic enzymes during interaction with the pathogen, and called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; Boller and Felix, 2009; Boutrot and Zipfel, 2017). PAMP perception by PRRs leads to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), which is characterized by a wide range of defense responses including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium influx, mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and expression of defense-related genes (Yu et al, 2017)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
