Abstract
Understanding the global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index (BMI) is essential for informing public health strategies and interventions to mitigate the impact of obesity-related conditions. The global deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by high BMI were examined based on age, sex, year, and geographical location as well as socio-demographic index. Globally in 2021, the deaths and DALYs attributable to high BMI have risen 2.54-fold and 2.68-fold for both sexes when compared to 1990. The number of global deaths linked to high BMI has risen for females from 828 147.16 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 407 103.20-1 302 480.38) in 1990 to 2 013 089.03 (95% UI 979 000.37-3 076 044.71) in 2021, and for males from 631 386.07 (95% UI 315 452.97-988 213.75) in 1990 to 1 695 974.32 (95% UI 861 972.49-2 635 343.31) in 2021. The number of DALYs related to high BMI worldwide has risen for females from 26 097 463.34 (95% UI 11 042 501.33-42 206 794.07) in 1990 to 67 213 785.86 (95% UI 28 417 735.35-105 552 568.89) in 2021, and for males from 21 944 645.99 (95% UI 10 106 039.21-35 110 379.12) in 1990 to 61 306 297.23 (95% UI 27 566 755.49-94 931 874.52) in 2021. However, the age-standardized rate of high-BMI-related deaths for females increased by 4.06% and 15.06% for males between 1990 and 2021, while the age-standardized rate of high-BMI-related DALYs increased by 21.60% for females and 31.22% for males. Across the 21 Global Burden of Disease regions, in 2021, the highest age-standardized rates of high-BMI-related deaths and DALYs were observed in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa (125.12, 95% UI 71.21-183.13) and Oceania (3712.97, 95% UI 1666.49-5765.84), respectively. Efforts to promote healthy weight management, lifestyle modifications, and early intervention for obesity-related health complications are essential in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity and improving overall population health.
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