The Genetic Potential for the Grain Yield of Some Maize Hybrids, Studied in Different Conditions of Environment, in Romania

Abstract

The breeding activity for obtaining maize hybrids having high genetic potential for the grain yield, also good stability, in different environment conditions is of a great importance for the management of this crop. The potential for the yield brings the highest contribution to the crop efficiency. To increase the grain yield it is necessary to have a good developing of the plants in different conditions of growing. We studied 24 maize hybrids, in two years (2018 and 2019) in six locations situated in different areas of Romania: Cogealac (south Romania); Mircea Vodă (south-eastern Romania); Portăreşti (south-western Romania); Şimleu Silvaniei (western Romania); Negreşti (eastern Romania) and Dej (north-western Romania). The hybrids were cultivated in three randomized replications. Comparing the two years, 2018 and 2019, regarding the air temperatures and the amount of rainfall, in maize vegetation period, year 2018 was dryer comparing with 2019 year. Results showed that the grain yield was different by location, by year, also by hybrid. In three locations (Dej, Mircea Vodă and Portăreşti) the hybrids released good grain yield, in both years. The lowest grain yield was obtained in both years in two locations (Cogealac and Şimleu Silvaniei). The grain yield was lower in 2018 year, in all locations, excepting Cogealac, comparing with 2019 year. The vegetation period was high influenced by location. TGW and hectolitre mass were different, specially, by location and by hybrid.