Abstract
The spreading mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are related to many bacterial and environment factors. The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an unceasing emergence of new multidrug resistant strains. This problem also concerns uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, which is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was the genetic analysis of antibiotic resistance in comparison to the phenotypic background of E. coli strains. The characterized collection of E. coli strains isolated 10 years ago from the urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (the disc diffusion method) and analysis of antibiotic resistance genes (PCR reaction, sequencing). Additionally, the presence of ESBL strains was analyzed. Fourteen genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and quinolones. The genetic analysis revealed that blaTEM-1 and sul2 were present in almost all of the studied strains. Other drug-resistance genes were very rare or non-existent. Otherwise, the phenotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones was well correlated with the genotypic background of the studied bacteria. The presence of particular genes and specific mutations indicate a high bacterial potential to multidrug resistance. On the other hand, it needs to be emphasized that the standard disk diffusion test for the routine antimicrobial susceptibility analysis is still the best way to estimate the current situation of bacterial drug-resistance.
Highlights
Molecular analyses are increasingly being introduced into routine diagnostics
The collection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains was re-characterized based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing in order to verify the resistance profiles published previously β‐Lactamase contents of E. coli isolates
The problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance belongs to the priorities of World Health Organization concerning threat to human health
Summary
Molecular analyses are increasingly being introduced into routine diagnostics. The identification of the genetic determinants of pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance is very important for prevention against the widespread of hazardous bacteria, especially Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) strains [1]. Molecular Biology Reports (2018) 45:1055–1065 or Morganella morganii [15]. In general they confer a similar resistance profile to ESBLs, except for resistance to cephamycins but not 4th-generation cephalosporins, and resistance to β-lactam-inhibitor combinations, mainly those with clavulanic acid [8]. Sul is the least known and the least frequently detected plasmid gene in E. coli [19]. The aadB, aac(3)-II and aac(3)-IV genes are related to the gentamycin, tobramycin, neomycin resistance and other aminoglycosides. They belong to the most frequent genes detected in Escherichia coli strains and other Gram-negative bacteria [22]
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