Abstract
The GH3 gene family plays a vital role in the phytohormone-related growth and developmental processes. The effects of allopolyploidization on GH3 gene structures and expression levels have not been reported. In this study, a total of 38, 25, and 66 GH3 genes were identified in Brassica rapa (ArAr), Brassica oleracea (CoCo), and Brassica napus (AnACnCn), respectively. BnaGH3 genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes with 39 on An and 27 on Cn, in which six BnaGH3 genes may appear as new genes. The whole genome triplication allowed the GH3 gene family to expand in diploid ancestors, and allopolyploidization made the GH3 gene family re-expand in B. napus. For most BnaGH3 genes, the exon-intron compositions were similar to diploid ancestors, while the cis-element distributions were obviously different from its ancestors. After allopolyploidization, the expression patterns of GH3 genes from ancestor species changed greatly in B. napus, and the orthologous gene pairs between An/Ar and Cn/Co had diverged expression patterns across four tissues. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the GH3 gene family in B. napus, and these results could contribute to identifying genes with vital roles in phytohormone-related growth and developmental processes.
Highlights
Polyploidization, as a prevalent phenomenon, is an important method of speciation in the plant kingdom
We found that 55% of BraGH3 genes, 72% of BolGH3 genes, and 62% of BnaGH3 genes were generated by WGD, while 26% of BraGH3 genes, 12% of BolGH3 genes, and 24% of BnaGH3 genes were generated by tandem duplication, suggesting that the duplication pattern of Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) genes was high WGD and low tandem duplication
In recent years, increasing studies have showed that GH3 genes played an important role in plant growth and development, but the genome-wide comprehensive analysis of the GH3 gene family in B. napus, and how the exon-intron organization, cis-element distribution, and gene expression level of the BnaGH3 genes change after allopolyploidization still remain largely unknown
Summary
Polyploidization, as a prevalent phenomenon, is an important method of speciation in the plant kingdom. Approximately 70 percent of species have undergone one or several rounds of polyploidization in the evolutionary process [1]. Allopolyploids are derived from the hybridization between different species, followed with chromosome doubling or the fusion of unreduced gametes between different species. Allopolyploids usually have better adaptability and superior traits than their parents, which may contribute to natural selection and crop domestication [2]. Extensive changes on genetic and gene expression levels have been reported in allopolyploids. Genetic changes contain chromosomal rearrangements, DNA sequence elimination, and amplification
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
