The fusion of keratinized epithelium, an indication of early implant placement in the aesthetic area: an animal study

Abstract

BackgroundIn the period of the early implant placement, the socket is mainly occupied by provisional matrix (PM). Keratinized epithelium (KE) is critical for primary wound closure. Although both KE and PM are important, the detailed relationship among migrating KE, PM formation and indication of the early implant placement is still unclear.ObjectiveThis research aimed to locate a healing stage of KE with highest osteogenic PM formation after tooth extraction, which could be treated as the optimal time point for early implant placement.Material and methodsMice were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 after incisor extraction. Clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations of the extraction sockets were performed, and statistical analyses were conducted. We then inserted implants into the PM with the greatest bioactivity and observed its osseointegration pattern for 3, 10, 17 and 30 days.ResultWhen KE fusion was reached, sockets were dominated by PM with the greatest expression of osteocalcin (OC, P < 0.05) and high levels of CD34 and Runx2. OC and Runx2 expression were positively correlated with KE coverage (P < 0.05). When the implant was inserted at 4 days’ healing, the PM maintained its osteogenic ability, and osseointegration proceeded perfectly.ConclusionThe migration of KE was correlated with the formation of highly osteogenic and angiogenic PM. And the fusion of KE could be treated as an indication for early implant placement.