Abstract
We revealed the regional features of the functioning of the erosion-channel systems of the Angara, Upper Lena, Selenga, and Upper Amur basins in the south of Eastern Siberia and examined the action of sloping non-channel, temporary, and permanent channel water flows, and presented the patterns of the spatial distribution of soil and gully erosion belts. The development conditions and factors of fluvial processes are considered and the role of cryogenic processes in the increasing activity of water flows is emphasized. The interdecadal dynamic cycles of the erosion-accumulative processes are revealed. A quantitative assessment of soil loss from erosion on agricultural land in the forest-steppe basins was carried out. We made an assessment of the plane deformation of the upper course of the Lena river (Siberian platform) and Irkut (Baikal rift zone and the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo plain) using cartographic sources of different times, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery. The contribution of extreme fluvial events to sediment redistribution in river basins is shown. Particular attention is paid to the mudflow impact, floods, and channel deformations on the ecological state of the basin systems.
Highlights
River basins are the main elements of spatial organization of the landscape geosphere [1].In this context, the basin approach has become central in dealing with many fundamental and applied problems of geography [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
There is a worldwide expansion of geomorphological research into small- and medium-sized river basins in which changes of the influence of separate factors on the regime of functioning of lithodynamical systems are manifested relatively rapidly
Significant rearrangements in the dynamics of erosion-accumulation processes should be expected in agricultural regions of the south of Siberia, which, since the late 1990s, have shown a reduction in the area of croplands
Summary
River basins are the main elements of spatial organization of the landscape geosphere [1]. In this context, the basin approach has become central in dealing with many fundamental and applied problems of geography [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Examination of the functioning of basins (studies into the redistribution of water flow, sediment load, and dissolved solids) serves to investigate the interaction mechanisms of processes, assess the rate and directedness of transformation of topography, as well as to make short-term forecasts of the evolution of erosion-accumulation processes. Significant rearrangements in the dynamics of erosion-accumulation processes should be expected in agricultural regions of the south of Siberia, which, since the late 1990s, have shown a reduction in the area of croplands
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