Abstract
Interaction between nature and human has formulated unique biodiversity in temperate regions. People have conserved and maintained traditional folk villages (TFVs) dominated with houses made of natural materials, arable land and surrounding elements of landscape. Until now, little attention has been given to understand the traits of breeding birds in TFVs of Korea. The aim of this study was to reveal traits of breeding birds in TFVs and get conservative implications for biodiversity. We selected five TFVs: Hahoe maeul (HA), Wanggok maeul (WG), Nagan maeul (NA), Yangdong maeul (YD), and Hangae maeul (HG). We surveyed breeding birds with line transect methods, and analyzed functional traits (diet type and nest type) of birds in TFVs. Among 60 species recorded, Passer montanus (PM), Streptopelia orientalis (SO), Hirundo rustica (HR), Pica pica (PP), Phoenicuros auroreus (PA), Paradoxornis webbiana (PW), Microscelis amaurotis (MA), Carduelis sinica (CA) and Oriolus chinensis (OC) could be potential breeding birds that prefer diverse habitats of TFVs in Korea. Compared to the breeding birds of rural, urban and forest environments, the diversity of nesting types for birds was high in TFVs. The diverse nest types of breeding birds can be linked with habitat heterogeneity influenced by sustainable interaction between nature and human in TFVs in Korea.
Highlights
Since the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21 in Brazil of 1992, international attentions have been given to indigenous people at tropic regions; a number of studies have been conducted to comprehend and suggest the importance of livelihood and biodiversity of local communities
Bush and canopy nesters were highly observed at Wanggok maeul (WG), while nesting birds near water areas were high at Hahoe maeul (Figure 2a)
From the viewpoint of average densities, the values of house nesters were high at Yangdong, Nagan, Wanggok and Hahoe maeul, but low at Hangae maeul (Figure 2b)
Summary
Since the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21 in Brazil of 1992, international attentions have been given to indigenous people at tropic regions; a number of studies have been conducted to comprehend and suggest the importance of livelihood and biodiversity of local communities. In 1945, German geographer Lautensach [9] commented on the pattern of Korean settlement in comparison with ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) people. He pointed out the diverse spectrum from slash-and-burn farming to residential agriculture in Korea, contrary to the ASEAN peoples showing the migrating and turning patterns of slash-and-burn farming. Based on his records, Korea showed permanent settled or migrating patterns of slash-and-burn farming at some areas
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