THE FUNCTION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS

Abstract

Developing market economy and European values in Ukraine, there are principles which are aimed at resolving social and economic requirements in areas that are designed to promote their efficient development. One of the principles of balanced development is the creation of a transport network, which will contribute to the development of the economic sphere of "peripheral territories" as well as social development. The transport network prompts investment attraction and, thanks to this, the territories get impetus for further development.
 Nowadays, rural settlements in Ukraine are mostly concentrated along the roads at a distance between 5 and 15 km. Beside this, there is an interconnection between the type of transport network and the settlement pattern. Transport provides the migration mobility of the population, the intensity of land settlement, areas of reconstruction and new development. The transport system is closely interconnected with the development of cities and urban agglomeration, it provides interconnection between cities and rural settlements, and the lack of roads causes the collapse of the whole rural infrastructure.
 Comparing the main components of the impact on the development of rural areas, they should be considered from the standpoint of the theory of O. Gutnov, "skeleton and fabric", which are an integral part of the cyclical development and evolutionary dynamics of urban systems, while acting as a forming urban space, with the main components:
 – communication framework (network of various categories of roads and their junctions); areas of social activity development fabric filled with a variety of spatially localized functions.
 It has been determined that based on the theoretical model of O. Gutnov it could be possible to predict the dynamics of the impact of transport networks on the environment and on the development of existing settlements, to outline the modern system model of rural areas, as integration of subsystems:
 On the basis of systematic research, the author analyzes the areas of Zhovkva district, Lviv region which are under the influence of highways and local roads, and notes their more intensive, more diverse development and their greater occupancy within 10-15 km of roads than more distant territories.