The Fragrant Legacy: Reviving the Craft of Ittar-making in Kannauj Amidst Modern Challenges

Abstract

This article explores the rich cultural heritage and artisanal craftsmanship of ittar-making in Kannauj, India. Rooted in centuries-old traditions, Kannauj’s ittar-making practices have been passed down through generations, maintaining the purity of natural perfume production through traditional methods like the ‘deg-bhapka’ distillation technique. The study emphasizes the importance of craftsmanship, as described by Richard Sennett, in which mastery of skill, creativity and perfection play central roles. The article offers an evocative depiction of the craftsmen’s lifeworld, emphasizing the camaraderie and mutual support inherent in the craft, while highlighting the process of skill transmission through immersive and experiential learning. Through in-depth narratives from artisans and unit owners, the study underscores the challenges of preserving this heritage amidst the growing popularity of synthetic perfumes, changing consumer preferences, rising cost of production and lack of marketing acumen. The article concludes that while the ittar industry struggles with declining demand, it retains potential for revival through better marketing strategies, ‘appropriate’ technological integration and institutional support. Ultimately, the craft’s survival depends on balancing its rich intangible cultural heritage with contemporary economic and social realities.