Abstract
Monoclinic tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods were grown using the hydrothermal method on a seeded W foil. The seed layer was formed by thermal oxidation of W foil at 400°C for 30 min. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or hexamethylamine (HMT) was used in the reactive hydrothermal bath, along with sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na2WO4.2H2O) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The concentration of CTAB was varied from 0.01 M to 0.07 M and the concentration of HMT was varied from 0.01 M and 0.05 M. The result showed that CTAB-assisted hydrothermal reaction produced WO3 nanorods with 4–7 nm diameter, and provided that CTAB concentration was less than 0.07 M. WO3 nanorods could not be obtained when CTAB concentration was 0.07 M. Columnar structured WO3 was produced with the presence of HMT in the hydrothermal bath. This was due to decomposition of HMT to form hydroxyl ions (OH−) that inhibited the growth of nanorods. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis showed better electrochromic property of WO3 nanorods compared to columnar structured WO3.
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