Abstract
THE FORMATION OF CHOLINE AND BETAINE IN LEAF DISKS OF BETA VULGARIS
Highlights
The development of methods for the separation by chromatography (l-3) of quaternary nitrogenous compounds of higher plants has made possible the investigation of the metabolic origin of these compounds and the testing of various compounds as possible precursors of choline and betaine
There is increasing evidence that, in animal tissues, betaine is not derived directly by the methylation of glycine, but rather that this compound is formed from choline by the action of choline oxidase [4]
Our observation that formate gives rise to the N-methyl carbon of choline and betaine is in agreement with the results of du Vigneaud, Verly, and Wilson [17], who demonstrated this reaction in animal tissues, as well as with the more recent studies of Kirkwood and Marion [16] and Brown and Byerrum [15] who found formate to be a precursor of labile methyl groups in various higher plants
Summary
The development of methods for the separation by chromatography (l-3) of quaternary nitrogenous compounds of higher plants has made possible the investigation of the metabolic origin of these compounds and the testing of various compounds as possible precursors of choline and betaine. There is increasing evidence that, in animal tissues, betaine is not derived directly by the methylation of glycine, but rather that this compound is formed from choline by the action of choline oxidase [4]. The apparent inability of the rat to form labeled choline from carboxyl-labeled glycine, whereas both a-labeled glycine and P-labeled serine yield choline which is labeled in the 2-carbon moiety [5], supports the view that this latter compound is formed via aminoethanol [6, 7]. Betaine, and the products of their partial degradation were assayed for radioactivity
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