Abstract
Over the last two decades, the scientific interest for marine geophysical surveys has shown a huge increase, mostly for multidisciplinary applicability on different studies, from historical heritage to environmental remediation. One of the main research fields carried out through marine geophysical surveys is the study of the wreckage footprints connected to the seabed perturbation. In 2018, a strategic project planned by the Italian National Government Commissioner for the remediation in the Taranto area (Southern Italy) stands as a basic sample for such issues. The project aimed at the detection of anthropogenic impact in the highly polluted Mar Piccolo and Mar Grande basins seabed, through a multidisciplinary approach involving geological, biological, chemical, engineering, and ecological studies. The main purpose of the work was to identify any potential pollution source, focusing on anthropogenic sea-floor features such as uncontrolled dumping, wrecks, or other objects of peculiar origin. To achieve the purpose of the work, field surveys were planned and performed in order to direct a general policy and accurate planning for environmental remediation activities. Different marine geophysics methods were used to characterize the main sea-floor features and to detect each anthropogenic feature. A comparative analysis of a high-resolution dataset allowed to clarify the origin of some deep depressions on the Mar Piccolo sea-bottom, which at the first instance were associated with a natural origin, as the results of the Leonardo Da Vinci wreckage and related recovering activities. High-resolution morphobathymetric, magnetometric, and seismic data revealed the story of the Italian Royal Navy battleship which sunk on 2 August 1916 as a slight footprint on the Mar Piccolo seabed but a deep historical heritage of the city of Taranto. Moreover, final results demonstrate high-resolution marine survey methodologies’ complete applicability to environmental, historical, and scientific issues.
Highlights
The widespread marine geophysical techniques allow for obtaining new datasets for underwater sea-floor feature detection
A new dataset acquired in the Mar Piccolo basin by means of multibeam echosounder system (MBES), side scan sonar (SSS), parametric sub-bottom profiler (SBP), and cesium vapor magnetometer surveys, highlighting the natural sea-floor features and the anthropogenic footprints on the sea-bottom
The marine geophysical surveys highlighted the sea-floor features in the Primo Seno of the Mar
Summary
The widespread marine geophysical techniques allow for obtaining new datasets for underwater sea-floor feature detection Many of these techniques were used to perform a marine survey requested by the Government Commissioner for the remediation of the Taranto area and performed by Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Politecnico di Bari, Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche, Consorzio Nazionale. A new dataset acquired in the Mar Piccolo basin by means of multibeam echosounder system (MBES), side scan sonar (SSS), parametric sub-bottom profiler (SBP), and cesium vapor magnetometer surveys, highlighting the natural sea-floor features and the anthropogenic footprints on the sea-bottom. Such sea-floor features were identified and classified in order to determine their anthropogenic or natural origin. The battleship sank on the night of 2 August 1916 [11], and the removal of the shipwreck determined several environmental and management issues for the "cultural heritage” [12,13,14,15], recording an inauspicious event that happened on the Mar Piccolo sea-bottom
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