Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious, notifiable viral disease, which is considered a significant threat not only for European, but also for worldwide pork production, since recently the virus emerged within numerous Chinese pig herds. The disease was introduced in Poland in 2014 and up to the end of 2018, 213 outbreaks in pigs and 3347 cases in wild boars have been reported. The presented study describes the whole genome sequencing of seven Polish isolates, collected between 2016 and 2017, using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The complete, genomic sequences of these isolates were compared against five other closely related ASFV genomes, annotated in the NCBI database. The obtained sequences were from 189.393 to 189.405 bp long and encoded 187–190 open reading frames (ORFs). The isolates were grouped within genotype II and showed 99.941 to 99.956% nucleotide identity to the Georgia 2007/1 reference strain.
Highlights
African swine fever, caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an OIE-notifiable, highly mortal disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars
The identical mutation was found in the sequences from Ukraine (Ukr12/Zapo), Belarus (Bel13/Grodno) and Lithuania (Lt14/1490), indicating molecular evolution among ASFV isolates circulating in Europe, and common ancestor of strains collected between 2013–2018 in countries westwards Russia[16]
Regarding the tested cell lines, only the pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were susceptible to infection with ASFV field isolates
Summary
African swine fever, caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an OIE-notifiable, highly mortal disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. The continuous cell lines susceptible to ASFV infection, like IPAMs (immortalized pulmonary alveolar macrophages), COS-1 (monkey kidney fibroblasts) and WSL (wild boar lung macrophages), facilitated propagation both laboratory and field isolates[12,15]. In this report we describe attempts to isolate Polish field ASFV strains originating from wild boars and pigs in two types of cell cultures (IPAMs and PAMs). The study concerning molecular evolution of ASFV genes conducted by Frączyk et al.[18] involving sequences obtained from cases and outbreaks reported in Poland between 2014–2015, revealed the genetic diversity within EP402R and MGF505-2R genes, indicating slow but consistent molecular evolution of these regions[18]. Taking into consideration the unpredictability of human activity and limited dynamics of wild boar migration, the extensive analysis of NGS results may prove human influence in disease spread in Poland
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