Abstract
Hydrogen could be a key driving force for decarbonizing various sectors. This analysis, based on the Slovak National Hydrogen Strategy, evaluates 6 low-emission hydrogen production methods, varying in raw material, technology, and operational conditions. Technologies are assessed using three criteria: levelized cost of energy, carbon footprint, and technology readiness level. Three alternative fuels are analysed: methanol, methane, and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Multi-criteria decision analysis evaluates 139 combinations of criteria importance. Proton exchange membrane electrolysis and steam biogas reforming (SBR) emerge as the most advantageous technologies, ranking first in 45 and 32 cases, respectively. Economically, high-temperature electrolysis and SBR are preferred, with a levelized cost (LCOH) of 11.7 €/kg H2 under current conditions. SAF stands out as the best alternative fuel, with the lowest levelized cost of 3.3 €/kg. Reducing Slovakia's electricity price by 80% would make domestic hydrogen production increasingly competitive in Europe by 3.7 times reduction of LCOH.
Published Version
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