Abstract
Simple SummaryFeeding forage legumes containing condensed tannins (CT) to ruminants has the potential to reduce urinary nitrogen (N) excretion, which is considered a significant contributor to environmental pollution. However, there are also indications that CT in the diet can reduce the feed intake. Furthermore, the fate of CT during digestion is still unclear. In the present study, the effect of CT from birdsfoot trefoil (BT) on the N excretion pathway and the CT excretion of lambs fed diets with different dietary crude protein (CP) levels were investigated. Regardless of the crude protein content of the diet, the results show that the CT-containing rations were eaten less frequently. Nitrogen excretion via urine decreased with the feeding of CT, but only in absolute terms and not in relation to the N intake. The CT balance indicates that not all CT that are ingested are also excreted. It seems that the CT change their structure when passing through the digestive tract.Two experimental periods were employed to investigate the fate of ingested CT from BT and their effects on the intake, digestibility, and N balance in lambs fed diets differing in CP levels. In period 1, 24 lambs were fed a basal diet either treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG+) to deactivate CT or without polyethylene glycol (PEG−). In period 2, the same lambs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design and fed either the basal diet (BP) or a high protein diet (HP), again treated with or without PEG. In both experimental periods, feeding lambs diets without PEG caused a reduction in the dry matter (DM) intake and an increase in the DM digestibility. Urinary and total N excretion decreased in lambs fed diets without PEG, but only in absolute terms and not in relation to the N intake. The total N intake, total N excretion, and body N retention were higher with a higher dietary CP level. Related to the CT intake, less soluble and protein-bound CT were excreted by lambs fed diets without PEG, and more protein-bound and fiber-bound CT were excreted by lambs fed BP diets. Regardless of the PEG treatment and CP level, not all CT that are ingested are also excreted. The effect of PEG treatment on the N excretion pathway was independent of the CP level.
Highlights
Introduction censeeMDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The effects of condensed tannins (CT) from legumes on ruminant nutrition, health, and production have been extensively studied and reviewed (e.g., [1,2])
The mean body weight (BW) did not differ between treatments in period 1, but tended (p = 0.08) to be lower in lambs that were fed the polyethylene glycol (PEG)− diets compared to lambs that were fed the PEG+
The results of the present study suggested that the observed effects of dietary CT
Summary
The effects of condensed tannins (CT) from legumes on ruminant nutrition, health, and production have been extensively studied and reviewed (e.g., [1,2]). Condensed tannins can have either beneficial or detrimental effects on ruminants, depending on the amount of CT that is consumed by animals, the type and chemical structure of the CT, and the composition of the diet [2]. The results obtained from in vitro studies have demonstrated that the depolymerization of CT does not appear to take place under anaerobic conditions and may not occur in the rumen [3,4]. In vivo studies have demonstrated that CT were excreted in substantial amounts in the feces of sheep and goats [5], thereby suggesting that the digestion and absorption of CT do not occur in the gut. Kronberg et al [7] even found very low concentrations of intact
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