The fate of Sudanese refugee scientists in times of war: impact, experiences, challenges and prospects

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The ongoing war in Sudan, which erupted in April 2023, has had devastating effects on the country’s scientific community, leading to widespread destruction of academic and research institutions, mass displacement of scientists, and severe disruptions in research activities. Significant damages have been inflicted on approximately 100 universities with a complete halt in academic and research activities. This paper explored the fate of Sudanese scientists who were displaced by the war and are taking refuge in other countries, focusing on the impact, experiences, challenges and prospects amidst the conflict. Through interviews with several displaced Sudanese scientists, the study reveals both the hardships endured and the resilience exhibited by these individuals. With displacement, multiple Sudanese scientists have lost the economic stability, resources for conducting research along with access to the common social network and community structure that facilitated their work in Sudan. Notably, mental health issues, loss of stability and resources, adaptability to new contexts and funding disruption represents some of the major difficulties for Sudanese scientists. In contrast, the conflict has unexpectedly provided opportunities of growth for some Sudanese scientists. Forced displacement has increased exposure to new cultural and social contexts that have helped foster research perspectives and innovation for some scientists. Despite hardships, this adversity has strengthened resilience and opened new possibilities for advancing scientific research. As the conflict continues, the pressure on the academic sector intensifies, further jeopardizing Sudan's research capabilities. Addressing these issues is crucial for mitigating long-term damage to Sudan's academic and scientific infrastructure.