Abstract
Abstract A numerical model of an individual CO2 bubble dissolution and ascent in shallow seawater was developed to simulate the fate of CO2 leaked from seabed naturally or artificially. The model consists of a solubility sub-model of CO2 gas in seawater, a CO2 bubble mass transfer sub-model, and a CO2 bubble momentum transfer sub-model. The model is applied to predict the dynamics of leaked CO2 in seawater at various depths from 0–150 m (temperature from 10 ∘C to 25 ∘C) and for initial bubble sizes from 3.0 to 40.0 mm in diameter. A diagram of CO2 ascending distance vs dissolution time is obtained from model simulations. It is found that CO2 bubbles ascend at a mean speed of 16 cm/sec and a mean shrinking rate of 30 × 1 0 − 3 mm/s in diameter approximately if leaked from a shallow ocean ( 150 m) seabed. A parameter, named as critical depth, is defined and suggested as a parameter to indicate if the CO2 leaked from seabed can return to atmosphere. This critical depth is approximately linearly related to the initial bobble size with a gradient of −0.68 m/mm under seawater conditions in the simulation ocean.
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