Abstract
The study objective was the determination of thermal conditions in Poland in 2018 on the background of the multi-annual period 1966–2018. The study was based on data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute. The research showed a statistically significant increase in mean daily air temperature in the years 1966–2018. The highest mean annual air temperature over the prevailing area in the analysed multi-annual period was recorded in 2018. In that year, mean air temperature was lower than the mean value from the multi-annual period only during 2 months (February and March). The highest anomalies of mean monthly air temperature were observed in April.
Highlights
In the majority of data sets, years 2014, 2015, and 2016 set new global records of heat since the commencement of regular meteorological measurements (Rahmstorf et al 2017)
In the years 1966–2018, mean annual air temperature in Poland was 7.8 °C, and its increase occurred from the northeast to south-west and west (Table 1)
The lowest mean annual air temperature was observed in areas located the highest, i.e., Kasprowy Wierch and Śnieżka, at a level of − 0.3 °C and 1 °C, respectively
Summary
In the majority of data sets, years 2014, 2015, and 2016 set new global records of heat since the commencement of regular meteorological measurements (Rahmstorf et al 2017). As emphasised by some authors, the situation was unprecedented, because three record years in a row had never occurred before. According to NOAA (2019), in the years 1880–2018 at the global scale, 9 out of 10 warmest years are those after the year 2000, with a maximum in 2016 (mean anomaly 0.95 °C). The observed warming is manifested in among others increasingly frequent occurrence of intensive heat waves.
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