Abstract
BackgroundConcentrated growth factor (CGF) is a third-generation platelet concentrate product; the major source of growth factors in CGF is its extract; however, there are few studies on the overall effects of the extract of CGF (CGF-e). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of CGF-e on MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro and to explore the effect of combination of CGF-e and bone collagen (Bio-Oss Collagen, Geistlich, Switzerland) for bone formation in cranial defect model of rats in vivo.MethodsThe cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, osteogenic-related gene, and protein expression were evaluated in vitro; the newly formed bone was evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical analysis through critical-sized cranial defect rat model in vivo.ResultsThe cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, osteogenic-related gene, and protein expression of CGF-e group were significantly increased compared with the control group. In addition, there was significantly more newly formed bone in the CGF-e + bone collagen group, compared to the blank control group and bone collagen only group.ConclusionsCGF-e activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to enhance osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells and promoted the bone formation of rat cranial defect model.
Highlights
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a third-generation platelet concentrate product; the major source of growth factors in CGF is its extract; there are few studies on the overall effects of the extract of CGF (CGF-e)
CGF gel is a three-dimensional net-like structure interwoven with a large number of fibers and a variety of growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF); any exogenous products were not included [6]
The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining showed that the CGF-e group exhibited more ALPstained spot than control
Summary
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a third-generation platelet concentrate product; the major source of growth factors in CGF is its extract; there are few studies on the overall effects of the extract of CGF (CGF-e). It is known that platelets play a pivotal role during the above process by initiating coagulation and locally releasing growth factors [1]. In this context, the use of platelet-derived concentrates to promote bone reconstruction is of interest. CGF has a wide range of clinical applications in the regeneration of alveolar and sinus bone; there is some controversy about the potential therapeutic effect of CGF [7,8,9]. This might be explained by the following two reasons. The potential mechanisms of CGF-mediated bone regeneration requires further clarification
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