The Exploration of the Path in Decision-making and Democracy Management within the Management Systems of Modern Hospitals

The article contains the results of research on the problems of integration of information and management processes in the management system of a modern enterprise. The issues of creation and implementation of information systems in enterprise management are considered. The following options are explored: the formation of a single management information system in accordance with certain management and information flows; automation and digitalization of the control system; integration of existing information systems in accordance with management processes. The role of the information factor in management processes is relevant. The huge amount of information, the need for its filtering and processing determines the development of rational management methods using integrated information systems. Such systems provide the ability to digitize enterprise management. Various theoretical and practical studies in such areas as data digitization, digitization of management, automation of management processes show that modern information technology allows you to create a single information environment management. Such an integrated system works as a single organism in accordance with the triggers and management events and can be used both for the enterprise as a whole and for its individual units and activities. Creating such an information environment is relevant for enterprises in various industries. The urgency of the effectiveness of such integration is also confirmed by a number of developments in various information systems and platforms, as well as the need for managers in special information modules for effective decision-making The purpose of the research is to identify problems of integration of information and management system at the enterprise and to form recommendations for the introduction of modern information technologies in enterprise management. Information flows in the management system can be divided according to the type of information, which is classified according to various criteria - primary, systematized, processed for management decisions, reporting, internal and external, reliable and reliable. Primary protected enterprise data must be stored in an information system to be reusable. The integration of information and management systems involves a systems approach (systems theory, open and information systems) and the use of such well-known economic theories as the theory of constraints, information society, knowledge economy etc. In practice, there are options for creating an enterprise management system according to the processes and algorithms embedded in the information system. Conversely, an information system can be created according to a management system or adapted on the basis of popular digital platforms. In any case, changes in the management system and adaptation of the information environment, staff training are mandatory steps in the integration of the two systems. The main stages of integration are the analysis of management and information processes and identifying the level of their compliance; determination of input and output information flows, algorithms and results of their processing; determining the level of maturity of management and information technology; analysis of business processes and information flows; changes in management processes in accordance with modern information technologies; implementation of changes together with staff training and control of digital competencies in accordance with the changes. The proposed model of integration involves the collection of data on actual management processes, communications and the use of information technology in management, their evaluation by level of maturity and inconsistency; identification of problems and goals of integration and updating of management and information system taking into account risk reduction, staff training, creating a loyal attitude to the changes in accordance with the defined goals of enterprise development. The single information management space of the enterprise allows to optimize management and information flows under the condition of a high level of business intelligence at all levels of management - from top management to the individual executor. The results of analytics can be used to optimize information and management flows or the implementation of enterprise restructuring projects.

INTRODUCTION: eHealth systems in a modern hospital and clinic require stringent measures to coordinate the operations of doctors, nurses, pharmacies for improved health care delivery.OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to perform a comparative analysis to devise a novel approach to address the needs of a hospital information management system. This has triggered an urgent response to develop Optical Clinic Management System (OCMS) to address the limitation of the existing system. This intervention would promote the good health and well-being of humankind to meet the Sustainable Development Goals 3 (SDGs 3).METHODS: The study proposed a Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) approach in Software Engineering as a catalyst to design OCMS to capture patients’ up-to-date records for medical diagnosis. The system is to assist Clinicians to prescribe medications based on a patient’s medical history by clicking a computer button.RESULTS: The limitations discovered during systems analysis and design of the existing systems were addressed during system evaluation and testing. It was observed that the proposed optical clinic management systems received a 98% acceptance for the implementation.CONCLUSION: This study explores the problem facing clinic and hospital administration and established major factors affecting the existing systems. It was discovered that the paper-based management systems used to keep patients’ medical records were found to be unreliable and therefore unsafe to be used as the basis to prescribe medication for patients, hence the need for this comprehensive system to address the problem for effective health care delivery. The situation in the existing system incidentally led to misplaced and unstructured handling of patient clinical records that may inadvertently make the clinicians administer medications with no reference to the patient’s previous diagnosis due to the lost file. Hence, the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and its global destruction of human lives should motivate African leaders to invest adequate resources in the development of information technology applications for robust health information systems to improve health care delivery in Africa.

Numerous manufacturing and service organizations have integrated or are considering integration of their respective occupational health and safety management and audit systems into the International Organization for Standardization-based (ISO) audit-driven Quality Management Systems (ISO 9000) or Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14000) models. Companies considering one of these options will likely need to identify and evaluate several key factors before embarking on such efforts. The purpose of this article is to identify and address the key factors through a case study approach. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the key features of the American Industrial Hygiene Association ISO-9001 harmonized Occupational Health and Safety Management System with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. management and audit system were conducted. The comparisons showed that the two management systems and their respective audit protocols, although structured differently, were not substantially statistically dissimilar in content. The authors recommend that future studies continue to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various audit protocols. Ideally, these studies would identify those audit outcome measures that can be reliably correlated with health and safety performance.

While a fair amount of study has been done recently on integrated management and control models for large-scale traffic systems, there is comparatively little information available regarding the design of management and control systems for small-scale intersections. This study aims to create the structural diagram of a management system for intersections and control technologies. It does this by designing three distinct systems: congestion prediction, traffic signal timing, and congestion flow dredging. This study searches the current state of common technology and chooses the intersection integrated management system by means of comparison. Fuzzy TOPSIS algorithm and ADP adaptive dynamic programming are chosen as the calculation techniques of signal lamp timing, while BP neural network and ATT-GCN network are chosen as the key algorithms of congestion prediction after thorough investigation. In the end, conventional traffic management techniques like forbidding left turns are used to direct cars that haven't arrived at the busy crossroads beforehand. This paper aims to select the best model for an intersection management system currently available from the common technologies. The idealized management system and its structure diagram are designed in a straightforward manner, and they will serve as a guide for future road and vehicular intersection design.

Establishment of Hospital Emergency Incident Command System (HEICS) in Iranian Hospitals: A Necessity for Better Response to Disasters

The functioning of the quality management system helps to create a variety of sources of effects that determine the effectiveness of the system. There are four groups of effects: social, environmental, scientific, technical and economic. Each of the effects can be both potential and real. The paper identified different groups of effects the functioning of quality management system, with particular emphasis on the content of the economic effects and problems that arise in their estimation. Systematized used in world practice methodological approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the quality management system of business entities. The review identified methodologies used methods and tools of evaluation of the effectiveness of the QMS. In the model, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the integrated management system uses four Cree-deuterium evaluation: degree of conformity of integrable elements of the requirements management system standards; the degree of integration of management systems; the degree of effectiveness of risk management and the economic effect of the introduction of an integrated management system. Significant economic benefits can be achieved due to the orientation of the enterprise quality management system to improve the quality of internal organization, which implies ensuring that the activities of the enterprise standards and procedures established by the JMC. The advantage of this approach is to bring together in a single system of parameters in both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the management system, which significantly increases the objectivity of the evaluation. The analyzed approaches to determining the effectiveness of the QMS reflect the diversity of models used in practice, methods, techniques and evaluation tools. In the absence of a recognized regulated methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the QMS business entities, you forced to build their own evaluation mechanism.

Implementing management systems in organisations of all types and sizes often raises the following question: “What benefits will this bring?” Initial resistance and criticism are common as potential challenges are identified during the implementation process. To address this, it is essential to highlight the advantages of these systems and engage stakeholders in supporting management efforts. While the planning, implementation, use, maintenance, auditing, and improvement of management systems are generally voluntary, certification is frequently driven by external factors, particularly customer demands. Employees also stand to gain significantly, with knowledge and information serving as valuable resources, especially for leveraging artificial intelligence. This article explores the management’s readiness to adopt and fully utilise two management systems based on international standards: the ISO 30401 Knowledge management system (KMS) and the ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial intelligence management system (AIMS). Through interviews, we assess the challenges and solutions associated with implementing these systems, whether planned or partially adopted. The findings illustrate the synergistic benefits of integrating the KMS and AIMS, demonstrating how their combined use can enhance Integrated Management Systems (IMSs). Such integration supports comprehensive planning, operation, and performance evaluation of processes and services while also promoting continuous improvement.

Airlines’ principal focus these days is on managing safety risks. However, multiple management systems are established individually to manage other risks without any form of interoperability to function as one integrated management system, to have a holistic view of the different risks in an organisation. This study will review if an integrated management system can be developed by looking at the interoperability of existing management systems to define a common standard/language across all individual management systems, to work as one integrated system. A survey was developed and rolled out via aviation organisations towards airlines to capture the quantitative data on how management systems are implemented, as these data are currently unavailable. The main contribution of this article is that it provides an overview of how management systems are implemented within airlines today, how they work together, and where interoperability could be improved between different systems. This paper provides the primary outcome of the survey, an overview of the status of interoperability between the different systems, and where interactions could be improved. Findings have shown that although different management systems are implemented, there needs to be a correlation to be able to work as an integrated system. Secondly, different management systems speak different risk languages with work against integration. Finally, large airlines with a fleet of over 50 aircraft have less integration between their different management systems. Besides the lack of regulations, IMS in aviation needs more research. This paper’s contribution lies here, as it provides an overview of which management systems are implemented in the aviation industry and if integration exists between those. Due to the limited research in this field, this paper, with the survey results, provides new insights into if and how interoperability exists between different systems in aviation. It also provides a unique insight into the different management systems airlines use. The results will be used in the following research phase to develop a concept for an integrated management system, one language, on which other management systems can be built.

Introduction: Integrated Hospital Information System (HIS) is vital to decision making and plays a crucial role in the success of the organization. Computerization of the medical records and documentation has resulted in efficient data management and information dissemination for the users. Hospital Information System addresses the entire major functional areas of modern multi-specialty hospitals. The package enables improved patient care, patient safety, efficiency and reduced costs. It provides easy access to critical information, thereby enabling management to make better decisions on time. Aims: The short-term objectives of the on-line computerized system are to reduce costs and improve the accuracy and timeliness of patient care, accounting and administration, record keeping, and management reporting. The long-term goal is to build and maintain patient database for analysis of data to facilitate decision-making process. Methods: To run the system it requires some Hardware & Database for IT Department. The technique involves Patient Registration System, Finance & Accounts, Human Resource Management System, Laboratory, Out Patient Management System, and Inpatient Management System. Results: In the mid seventies, a complex was established at Shahbag area in the name of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM). From 1982 BIRDEM was designated as the WHO collaborating centre for research on prevention and control of diabetes. It is first of its kind outside Europe. Now from 2000 BIRDEM has successfull developed & implemented some crucial part of HIS System like Patient Admission & Billing System, Finanace & Account System, Human Resourse Management & Payroll System, Store Inventory & Procurement Management System, Labrotary Management System, Assets Management System, Radiology & Imaging Management System. Conclusions: It can thus be seen that deploying IT can help the medical profession in improving its quality of service and thus automatically increasing the preparedness and defensiveness. Of course, it is of vital importance that the software must have the right type of modularity and openness so that it is manageable, maintainable and upgradeable. They can perform the complex task of matching, tabulating, calculating, retrieving, printing and securing the data as required. Well designed, integrated computer system can be a great tool in the hands of the hospital management in improving services, controlling cost, and ensuring optimal utilization of facilities.

Effects of early management system and subsequent diet on growth and conception in maiden buffalo heifers

The limits of traditional (static) policies are well-known in many areas of computer science and information security, and are extensively discussed in the literature. Although some flexibility has been achieved with the introduction of dynamic policies, these efforts have only addressed a fraction of the requirements necessary to secure today's enterprises. Currently, no feedback mechanisms are in place to evaluate the effectiveness or economic impacts of static or dynamic policy implementation. Here, we address the requirement for feedback and present a policy for the next generation. This is a policy that includes a dynamic feedback response to the effectiveness of changes. The structure of this new type of policy, called a ``management system'', is borrowed from discrete event system (DES) theory and functions as a control loop. A management system consists of four elements (control system, sensor, controller, and actuator) that are involved in a control law. Two types of management system can be defined. A simple management system (1$^\textrm{st}$ order management system) responds to and regulates only perturbations. An advanced management system (2$^\textrm{nd}$ order management system) has an overarching target function that influences the controller. This target function is usually economically oriented. Finally, we compare our new type of policy with two management systems that follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA cycle) model. We investigate the two PDCA cycle standards ISO/IEC 27001 (Information Security Management System, ISMS) and BS 25999 (Business Continuity Management System, BCMS). We also show that the new type of policy can be applied to management systems based on a PDCA cycle.

SUMMARYThe limits of traditional (static) policies are well known in many areas of computer science and information security and are extensively discussed in the literature. Although some flexibility has been achieved with the introduction of dynamic policies, these efforts have only addressed a fraction of the requirements necessary to secure today's enterprises. Currently, no feedback mechanisms are in place to evaluate the effectiveness or economic impacts of static or dynamic policy implementation. Here, we address the requirement for feedback and present a policy for the next generation. This is a policy that includes a dynamic feedback response to the effectiveness of changes. The structure of this new type of policy, called a ‘management system’, is borrowed from discrete event system theory and functions as a control loop. A management system consists of four elements (control system, sensor, controller, and actuator) that are involved in a control law. In this article, we present also an analytical description of the optimal structure through which the three management systems (Information Security Management System (ISMS), Business Continuity Management System, and IT Service Management) should be linked in a company. We define a coupling parameter and, using an equation for the discrete control loop, show that ISMS and IT Service Management should ideally be strongly coupled, and ISMS and Business Continuity Management System should be weakly coupled. Furthermore, two types of management system can be defined. A simple management system (1 st order management system) responds to and regulates only perturbations. An advanced management system (2 nd order management system) has an overarching target function that influences the controller. This target function is usually economically oriented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objective To learn the present hospital medical quality management, to explore and improve the quality of care management system. Methods Literature review analysis theory of medical quality management system, questionnaires analysis the present medical quality management, case and influencing factors. Results The literature review showed that the trend of quality management study increased year by year in recent 20 years, and is gradually becoming a hot topic in China.The management practices survey found the quality of care management systems mostly established, yet with rooms of improvement for the management content and details.Thanks to the three-stage introduction, operation and indepth study of international standards, hospitals have effectively promoted their quality management. Conclusions Key influencing factors for hospital quality management are the design of such quality management system itself, and lack of quality tools and resources.To build a better quality of care management system, efforts should be paid from both internal and external aspects, thus elevating such quality to a new level. Key words: Quality of care; Management system; Policy research; Management tools; Patient safety

The article offers a methodical approach to the formation of a prospective model of the management system of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on the experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war, offers suggestions regarding indicators and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the management system of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The experience of the large-scale Russian-Ukrainian war showed that the modern Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is one of the main carriers of combat power. The effectiveness of the Air Force's task performance depends to a large extent on the management system. The methodology of building a perspective structure of the control system and the system of control points of the Air Force, and their place in the hierarchical control structure, should be based on the objective laws of armed struggle, provisions of military strategy, operational art and tactics. The analysis of known modern models and methods made it possible to state that in the conditions of a large- scale Russian-Ukrainian war there is a need to improve the general method of evaluating the management system in order to develop reasonable recommendations for its formation. The method of forming a prospective model of the Air Force management system should consist of three stages. The first stage is an assessment of the effectiveness of the Air Force management system. The second stage is an assessment of the degree of compatibility of the management system of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the management systems of the armed forces of NATO countries. The third stage is the formation of a model of the Air Force management system based on a generalized indicator of the effectiveness of the task of the Air Force management system with the management systems of the armed forces of NATO countries. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the management system was carried out using scenario research methods. Based on the experience of combat operations, it was determined that the perspective model of the Air Force management system should be compatible with the management systems of the armed forces of NATO countries. Assessment of the degree of compatibility of management systems was carried out using methods of expert assessment and representative theory of measurements. The developed methodical approaches to the evaluation of the effectiveness and compatibility of management systems and the comparison of their options made it possible to provide substantiated proposals for the formation of a prospective management system of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The practical value of the research results lies in the direct use of methods during the preparation and implementation of management of units and units of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the provision of substantiated recommendations for determining the quality of management in the performance of combat missions.

The values of society turbulently change with the ongoing changes in the world. It is the information that values most. Demand for information increases along with the need for even more advanced communication and information security in all fields of human activity. Development in the field of science and technology has brought many advantages such as the Computational Age and the massive introduction of the Internet as a communication and information platform, along with disadvantages which are particularly due to insecure sources of information assets exposed to a wide scale of threats and hazards such as degradation, loss, damage, disclosure, and misuse. The paper deals with information security and its role in management systems. There is no simple recipe providing 100 % security of information. Companies apply the best security procedures with the aim to achieve an appropriate level of information security. One of the possibilities is the implementation in the information security management system according to ISO/IEC 27001 standard.
 The above-mentioned fact was the reason for carrying out the research and mapping the information security as well as closely related areas in terms of business practice in Slovakia. The aim of the article is to point at the information security in the companies, emphasize the importance of the information security management system in the business practice and analyze the current state of the information security and processes of the information security management system in the Slovak business entities.
 This article deals with selected results of the research carried out within the project „Information assets security as an integral part of quality management system in accordance with the principles of socially responsible business practices “, (acronym: SeInA). The methodology of the study was based on the scientific methods of acquiring and processing data: observation, questionnaire, interview, qualitative methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, abstraction, etc.); quantitative methods (descriptive statistics such as frequency analysis, statistical analysis, confidence intervals) and graphical methods. The research results identified the strengths of business entities and revealed the areas that need improvement. Entrepreneurial entities should primarily realize that information security cannot be provided randomly, i.e. in particular cases of emergency or incident; it requires a well-established and well-attended system providing minimum risk to information security, with a required level of guarantee and secured continuity of processes and individual activities of the organization. The reason for the security information management system is to achieve better results than those that would be attained with independent behavior and operation. A well-established and well-attended system should ensure that the attributes (confidentiality, integrity, availability, etc.) of the information assets security are being met, thus providing security for all parties and cultivating trustworthy relationships with them.
 
 Keywords: information; security; management system; business practice; research results.