Abstract
Review question/objective This review asks “What is the experience and effectiveness of nurse practitioners in orthopaedic settings”? The objective of the quantitative component of this review is to synthesise the best available evidence on effectiveness of orthopaedic nurse practitioner specific care on patient outcomes and process indicators. The objective of the qualitative component of this review is to synthesise the best available evidence on the experience of becoming or being an orthopaedic nurse practitioner in relation to role development, role implementation and (ongoing) role evaluation. The objective of the text and opinion component of this review is to synthesise the best available evidence of the contemporary discourse on the effectiveness and experience of nurse practitioners in orthopaedic settings. Types of participants Nurse practitioner is an expanded form of advanced practice.11 For the purpose of this systematic review the International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition20 of nurse practitioner will apply whereby a Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nurse is defined as a Registered Nurse with expert knowledge, complex decision making skills and possessing competency for expanded practice. Importantly the practice of nurse practitioner/advanced practice nurse is characterised further by the “context and/or country” that they practice within.20 Therefore an ‘orthopaedic’ nurse practitioner is defined in accordance with the above definition and with a specific scope of practice (as authorised) within a relevant and specific ‘orthopaedic’ setting. The quantitative and qualitative components of this review will consider studies that include orthopaedic nurse practitioners in acute care or sub-acute orthopaedic settings. The textual component of this review will consider publications that pertain to orthopaedic nurse practitioners in acute care or sub-acute orthopaedic settings, where there exists a particular focus on the ‘orthopaedic’ aspect of nurse practitioner practice. Types of intervention(s)/phenomena of interest The quantitative component of this review will examine interventions of orthopaedic nurse practitioner specific care. For this systematic review, orthopaedic nurse practitioner specific care refers to those aspects of care the orthopaedic nurse practitioner is responsible for and/or records as performance outcomes such as: occasions of service/numbers seen; time to and length of nurse practitioner consultation; time to nurse practitioner intervention; referral patterns and other measures of intervention effectiveness. The qualitative component of the review will examine as phenomena of interest the experience of becoming or being an orthopaedic nurse practitioner in relation to role development, role implementation and (ongoing) role evaluation. The text and opinion component of the review will examine opinions on the effectiveness and experience of nurse practitioners in orthopaedic settings including role development, implementation and evaluation of nurse practitioners in orthopaedic settings. Types of outcomes The quantitative component of this review will consider as primary outcomes the following patient outcomes: • patients’ level of pain • pressure injury • urinary tract infection • patient satisfaction • in-hospital patient mortality • hospital readmission • patients’ health-related quality of life • functional status • malnutrition score • constipation • wound care/complications • other clinical complications • morbidity • other patient encounter data that characterise orthopaedic nurse practitioner practice • other relevant nurse-sensitive outcome data The quantitative component of this review will consider as secondary outcomes the following nurse related outcomes or process indicators/outcomes: • orthopaedic nurse practitioner satisfaction • key stakeholder (health professional) satisfaction • specialised knowledge/skill translation • hospital length of stay • cost benefit
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